AL-TASYBIH FI QASIDATI “WULIDA AL-HUDA FA AL-KA’INATU DIYA’” LI AHMAD SYAUQI

Abstract

The study aims to identify the forms of tasybīh in the qaṣīdah, analyze its elements, classify them based on the musyabbah and musyabbah bih, wajh al-syabah, tasybīh particle, and rhetorical purpose, and explain the aesthetic functions and meanings constructed through the use of tasybīh. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, with the qaṣīdah as the material object. The data were obtained through close textual reading, recording all expressions containing tasybīh, identifying its four elements, and then classifying and interpreting them based on the concepts of the science of bayān. The results show that there are 32 instances of tasybīh distributed across 19 verses. Based on the classification, 29 elements or poles of tasybīh are sensory, 9 are rational, and 2 are imaginative; these figures represent categories of the constituent elements of tasybīh and therefore should not be added together as a new total number of tasybīh. In terms of rhetorical purpose, tasybīh is most dominantly used to bayān ḥāl al-musyabbah (clarify the condition of the musyabbah), followed by istiṭrāf al-musyabbah (presenting the musyabbah in an interesting way), tazyīn al-musyabbah (embellishing the musyabbah), bayān imkān al-musyabbah (demonstrating the possibility of the musyabbah), and bayān miqdār al-musyabbah (indicating the degree or extent of the musyabbah). These findings show that Syauqī uses tasybīh not merely as a linguistic ornament, but as a rhetorical strategy to concretize meaning, strengthen praise for the Prophet Muḥammad, and bring abstract ideas closer to the reader’s imagination.